S. 2105 - Cybersecurity Act of 2012

Government operations and politics. 112th Congress (2011-2012) View bill details
Sponsor:
Summary:
A bill to enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States. (by CRS) 
Status:
The bill has passed through committee and has been put on a legislative calendar. 
There have been no votes on this bill.

Cybersecurity Act of 2012

S. 2105 — 112th Congress (2011–2012)

Summary
A bill to enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States. (by CRS)
Learn More
At OpenCongress
Title
A bill to enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States.
Other Titles
  • Cybersecurity Act of 2012
Sponsor
Joseph Lieberman
Co-Sponsors
Subjects
  • Government operations and politics
  • Administrative law and regulatory procedures
  • Advanced technology and technological innovations
  • Civil actions and liability
  • Computer security and identity theft
  • Computers and information technology
  • Congressional oversight
  • Criminal investigation, prosecution, interrogation
  • Criminal justice information and records
  • Department of Homeland Security
  • Director of National Intelligence
  • Electric power generation and transmission
  • Elementary and secondary education
  • Emergency communications systems
  • Executive agency funding and structure
  • Federal preemption
  • Foreign aid and international relief
  • Government employee pay, benefits, personnel management
  • Government information and archives
  • Higher education
  • Homeland security
  • Infrastructure development
  • Intelligence activities, surveillance, classified information
  • International organizations and cooperation
  • Performance measurement
  • Public contracts and procurement
  • Public-private cooperation
  • Research administration and funding
  • Research and development
  • Right of privacy
  • Science and engineering education
  • Student aid and college costs
  • Teaching, teachers, curricula
  • Technology assessment
Related Bills
Major Actions
Introduced2/14/2012
Referred to Committee
Bill History

There have been no votes on this bill.

ActionDateDescription
Introduced2/14/2012
2/14/2012Introduced in the Senate. Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.
2/14/2012Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR S616-618)
Put on a legislative calendar2/15/2012Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 323.
2/16/2012Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Hearings held.
NumberSponsorDate OfferedStatus

Total contributions given to Senators from Consumer groups, which…

opposed this bill

Consumer groups$750
$750

9 Organizations Supported and 60 Opposed; See Which Ones

Organizations that took a position on
Cybersecurity Act of 2012

9 organizations supported this bill

CA Technologies
Stephen C. Savage (2012, February 16). Letter to Majority Leader Reid and Senators Lieberman, Collins, Rockefeller, and Feinstein. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from CA Technologies.
Cisco
Chris Strohm and Eric Engleman (2012, February 15). Cybersecurity Measure to Boost Companies’ Costs, Lobbyists Say. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from Businessweek.
EMC Corporation
Art Coviello & David Martin (2012, February 15). Letter to Chairman Lieberman, Ranking Member Collins, Chairman Rockefeller, & Chairman Feinstein. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs.
Information Technology Industry Council
Meghan Fletcher (2012, February 14). ITI Statement on the Cybersecurity Act of 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs.
Online Trust Alliance
Spiezle, Craig (2012, March 30). Senate Cyber OTA. Retrieved August 1, 2012, from Online Trust Alliance.
Oracle
Chris Strohm and Eric Engleman (2012, February 15). Cybersecurity Measure to Boost Companies’ Costs, Lobbyists Say. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from Businessweek.
TechAmerica
Stephanie Craig (2012, February 14). TechAmerica Applauds Introduction of Senate Cybersecurity Legislation. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs.
United Technologies Corporation
Louis R. Chenevert (2012, March 14). Letter to Senator Lieberman. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs.
Vanguard Integrity Professionals
Steven G. Ringelberg (2012, February 16). Letter to Senators Reid, Lieberman, Collins, Rockefeller and Feinstein. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs.

60 organizations opposed this bill

Access
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
American Association of Law Libraries
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
American Association of Practicing Psychiatrists
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
American Association of University Professors
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
American Civil Liberties Union
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
American Conservative Union
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
American Library Association
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
American Society of News Editors
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Americans for Limited Government
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Article 19
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Association of Research Libraries
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Bank of America
Chris Strohm and Eric Engleman (2012, February 15). Cybersecurity Measure to Boost Companies’ Costs, Lobbyists Say. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from Businessweek.
Bill of Rights Defense Committee
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
CATO
Jim Harper (2012, February 9). The Senate’s SOPA Counterattack?: Cybersecurity the Undoing of Privacy. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from CATO @ Liberty.
Center for Democracy & Technology
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Community Research
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Competitive Enterprise Institute
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Consumer Federation of America
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Council of the Inspector Generals on Integrity and Efficiency
(2012, March 20). Letter to the Chairman and Ranking Member of - IGnet. Retrieved October 11, 2012, from Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency.
Council on American-Islamic Relations
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Cyber Privacy Project
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Defending Dissent Foundation
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Democrats.com
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Electronic Frontier Foundation
Dan Auerbach and Lee Tien (2012, March 20). Dangerously Vague Cybersecurity Legislation Threatens Civil Liberties. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from EFF.
Entertainment Consumers Association
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Fight for the Future
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Financial Services Roundtable
Chris Strohm and Eric Engleman (2012, February 15). Cybersecurity Measure to Boost Companies’ Costs, Lobbyists Say. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from Businessweek.
Free Press Action Fund
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Freedomworks
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Government Accountability Project
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
iSolon.org
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
JPMorgan Chase
Chris Strohm and Eric Engleman (2012, February 15). Cybersecurity Measure to Boost Companies’ Costs, Lobbyists Say. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from Businessweek.
Knowledge Ecology International
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Less Government
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Liberty Coalition
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Muslim Public Affairs Council
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
National Association of Manufacturers
Brian Raymond (2012, February 14). Cybersecurity Measure Introduced in the Senate. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from Shopfloor.
National Coalition Against Censorship
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
National Freedom of Information Coalition
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
National Priorities Project
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
National Security Archive
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
O'Reilly Media
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
OMB Watch
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
OpenTheGovernment.org
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Privacy Times
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Project On Government Oversight
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Reporters Without Borders
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Republican Liberty Caucus
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Society of Professional Journalists
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Special Libraries Association
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
Startup Weekend
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
Sunlight Foundation
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.
TechFreedom
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
The Constitution Project
undersigned organizations (2012, May 10). Liberty Coalition Letter to Senators. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from Liberty Coalition.
U. S. Chamber of Commerce
Paul Taylor (2012, February 14). Senators urged on cyber security bill. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from Financial Times.
Understanding Government
undersigned organizations (2012, May 14). Organizations Opposed to Undercutting FOIA In Cybersecurity Bills. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from American Association of Law Libraries.

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Includes reported contributions to congressional campaigns of Senators in office during the 112th U.S. Congress, from Consumer groups interest groups, January 1, 2007 – December 31, 2012.
Contributions data source: OpenSecrets.org

Contributions by Legislator

Namesort iconPartyState$ From Interest Groups
That Supported
$ From Interest Groups
That Opposed
Daniel K. AkakaDHI$0$0
Andrew Lamar AlexanderRTN$0$0
Kelly AyotteRNH$0$0
John BarrassoRWY$0$0
Max BaucusDMT$0$0
Mark BegichDAK$0$0
Michael BennetDCO$0$0
Jesse "Jeff" BingamanDNM$0$0
Richard BlumenthalDCT$0$0
Roy BluntRMO$0$0
John BoozmanRAR$0$0
Barbara BoxerDCA$0$0
Scott BrownRMA$0$0
Sherrod BrownDOH$0$0
Richard BurrRNC$0$0
Maria CantwellDWA$0$0
Ben CardinDMD$0$0
Tom CarperDDE$0$0
Bob CaseyDPA$0$500
Clarence Saxby ChamblissRGA$0$0
Daniel CoatsRIN$0$0
Tom CoburnROK$0$0
William Thad CochranRMS$0$0
Susan CollinsRME$0$0
Gaylord Kent ConradDND$0$0
Chris CoonsDDE$0$0
Bob CorkerRTN$0$0
John CornynRTX$0$0
Mike CrapoRID$0$0
Jim DeMintRSC$0$0
Dick DurbinDIL$0$0
Mike EnziRWY$0$0
Dianne FeinsteinDCA$0$0
Alan FrankenDMN$0$0
Kirsten GillibrandDNY$0$0
Lindsey GrahamRSC$0$0
Chuck GrassleyRIA$0$0
Kay HaganDNC$0$0
Tom HarkinDIA$0$0
Orrin HatchRUT$0$0
Dean HellerRNV$0$0
John HoevenRND$0$0
Kay Bailey HutchisonRTX$0$0
Jim InhofeROK$0$0
Dan InouyeDHI$0$0
Johnny IsaksonRGA$0$0
Mike JohannsRNE$0$0
Ron JohnsonRWI$0$0
Tim JohnsonDSD$0$0
John KerryDMA$0$0
Mark KirkRIL$0$0
Amy KlobucharDMN$0$0
Herb KohlDWI$0$0
Jon KylRAZ$0$0
Mary LandrieuDLA$0$0
Frank LautenbergDNJ$0$0
Patrick LeahyDVT$0$0
Mike LeeRUT$0$0
Carl LevinDMI$0$0
Joe LiebermanICT$0$0
Dick LugarRIN$0$0
Joe ManchinDWV$0$0
John McCainRAZ$0$0
Claire McCaskillDMO$0$0
Addison "Mitch" McConnellRKY$0$0
Bob MenéndezDNJ$0$0
Jeff MerkleyDOR$0$0
Barbara MikulskiDMD$0$0
Jerry MoranRKS$0$0
Lisa MurkowskiRAK$0$0
Patty MurrayDWA$0$0
Earl "Ben" NelsonDNE$0$0
Clarence "Bill" NelsonDFL$0$0
Rand PaulRKY$0$0
Rob PortmanROH$0$0
Mark PryorDAR$0$0
John "Jack" ReedDRI$0$0
Harry ReidDNV$0$0
Jim RischRID$0$0
Charles "Pat" RobertsRKS$0$0
John "Jay" RockefellerDWV$0$0
Marco RubioRFL$0$0
Bernie SandersIVT$0$0
Chuck SchumerDNY$0$0
Jeff SessionsRAL$0$0
Jeanne ShaheenDNH$0$0
Richard ShelbyRAL$0$0
Olympia SnoweRME$0$0
Debbie StabenowDMI$0$250
Jon TesterDMT$0$0
John ThuneRSD$0$0
Patrick ToomeyRPA$0$0
Mark UdallDCO$0$0
Tom UdallDNM$0$0
David VitterRLA$0$0
Mark WarnerDVA$0$0
Jim WebbDVA$0$0
Sheldon WhitehouseDRI$0$0
Roger WickerRMS$0$0
Ron WydenDOR$0$0

Add Data Filters:

Legislator Filters
Legislator Filters
Show All
NamePartyState$ From Interest Groups
That Supported
$ From Interest Groups
That Opposed
Daniel K. AkakaDHI$15,000$15,500
Andrew Lamar AlexanderRTN$111,682$343,654
Kelly AyotteRNH$111,467$289,778
John BarrassoRWY$78,650$199,883
Max BaucusDMT$225,792$524,667
Mark BegichDAK$60,952$617,186
Michael BennetDCO$158,900$1,027,478
Jesse "Jeff" BingamanDNM$12,250$18,533
Richard BlumenthalDCT$55,050$358,046
Roy BluntRMO$184,388$766,054
John BoozmanRAR$12,096$218,356
Barbara BoxerDCA$344,259$1,642,386
Scott BrownRMA$678,230$1,715,285
Sherrod BrownDOH$122,700$892,934
Richard BurrRNC$143,083$424,714
Maria CantwellDWA$246,187$462,568
Ben CardinDMD$108,129$219,753
Tom CarperDDE$103,370$310,324
Bob CaseyDPA$126,316$556,407
Clarence Saxby ChamblissRGA$266,384$898,146
Daniel CoatsRIN$94,940$248,061
Tom CoburnROK$35,300$236,693
William Thad CochranRMS$76,750$87,050
Susan CollinsRME$245,644$447,730
Gaylord Kent ConradDND$6,100$25,200
Chris CoonsDDE$56,650$233,598
Bob CorkerRTN$94,392$825,024
John CornynRTX$307,717$1,002,310
Mike CrapoRID$96,220$199,882
Jim DeMintRSC$77,951$556,330
Dick DurbinDIL$112,550$637,546
Mike EnziRWY$54,000$103,899
Dianne FeinsteinDCA$241,339$279,960
Alan FrankenDMN$182,420$1,760,372
Kirsten GillibrandDNY$598,765$2,216,792
Lindsey GrahamRSC$119,092$257,577
Chuck GrassleyRIA$126,976$249,750
Kay HaganDNC$168,024$2,188,575
Tom HarkinDIA$79,697$354,278
Orrin HatchRUT$248,900$475,633
Dean HellerRNV$97,250$531,922
John HoevenRND$57,415$147,150
Kay Bailey HutchisonRTX$32,800$133,950
Jim InhofeROK$123,100$288,825
Dan InouyeDHI$333,900$217,224
Johnny IsaksonRGA$89,150$322,075
Mike JohannsRNE$43,458$206,146
Ron JohnsonRWI$29,050$343,586
Tim JohnsonDSD$51,550$639,893
John KerryDMA$123,446$564,634
Mark KirkRIL$142,100$1,161,189
Amy KlobucharDMN$88,254$400,629
Herb KohlDWI$0$0
Jon KylRAZ$10,942$46,375
Mary LandrieuDLA$174,879$557,580
Frank LautenbergDNJ$45,100$568,403
Patrick LeahyDVT$322,761$261,825
Mike LeeRUT$141,200$117,696
Carl LevinDMI$154,423$385,563
Joe LiebermanICT$16,950$9,800
Dick LugarRIN$79,600$160,777
Joe ManchinDWV$150,516$320,115
John McCainRAZ$168,351$496,733
Claire McCaskillDMO$200,691$774,113
Addison "Mitch" McConnellRKY$316,469$1,372,155
Bob MenéndezDNJ$196,622$504,755
Jeff MerkleyDOR$122,370$853,020
Barbara MikulskiDMD$150,950$157,382
Jerry MoranRKS$27,762$255,777
Lisa MurkowskiRAK$72,900$145,269
Patty MurrayDWA$515,868$708,710
Earl "Ben" NelsonDNE$32,000$146,847
Clarence "Bill" NelsonDFL$234,394$532,204
Rand PaulRKY$45,545$429,210
Rob PortmanROH$172,050$873,049
Mark PryorDAR$122,681$257,137
John "Jack" ReedDRI$84,667$243,581
Harry ReidDNV$352,262$1,193,066
Jim RischRID$33,694$286,473
Charles "Pat" RobertsRKS$48,600$436,791
John "Jay" RockefellerDWV$135,136$352,050
Marco RubioRFL$126,572$1,087,967
Bernie SandersIVT$18,761$369,338
Chuck SchumerDNY$327,634$906,188
Jeff SessionsRAL$137,700$242,162
Jeanne ShaheenDNH$93,987$862,392
Richard ShelbyRAL$357,030$374,175
Olympia SnoweRME$54,362$209,118
Debbie StabenowDMI$126,018$492,619
Jon TesterDMT$144,599$1,087,184
John ThuneRSD$134,050$674,061
Patrick ToomeyRPA$114,697$1,511,431
Mark UdallDCO$183,250$1,175,379
Tom UdallDNM$64,500$908,602
David VitterRLA$83,452$450,625
Mark WarnerDVA$395,628$2,149,475
Jim WebbDVA$57,495$31,150
Sheldon WhitehouseDRI$111,142$329,392
Roger WickerRMS$162,169$451,627
Ron WydenDOR$180,243$324,509

Interest Groups that supported this bill

$ Donated
Defense aerospace contractors$4,375,867
Computer software$4,096,714
Computers, components & accessories$2,076,181
Data processing & computer services$2,040,424
Computer manufacture & services$971,799
Security services$653,622
Communications & Electronics$187,850

Interest Groups that opposed this bill

$ Donated
Democratic/Liberal$11,495,677
Commercial banks & bank holding companies$10,228,420
Republican/Conservative$8,874,394
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate$6,089,175
Book, newspaper & periodical publishing$4,365,694
Civil servant/public employee$3,664,857
Environmental policy$3,062,266
Online computer services$2,530,342
Biotech products & research$1,403,544
Psychiatrists & psychologists$1,255,249
Minority/Ethnic Groups$881,302
Museums, art galleries, libraries, etc.$438,976
Chambers of commerce$259,644
Manufacturing$231,932
Pro-business associations$105,363
Human Rights$41,400
Consumer groups$750
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